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R&D
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RAB
is REGULATORY ASSET BASE.
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RABBI TRUST
is a nonqualified deferred compensation
plan whereby an employer and employee agree to defer payment for the employee's
services until a specified future date. The rabbi trust features an irrevocable
grantor trust that is set up by the employer to hold the contributions
set aside for the employee. While this provides the employee some degree
of safety that the money will be available when desired, the terms of
the trust must be such that exposes the trust assets to the claims of
the employer's creditors.
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RANDOM SELECTION
is a probability-based
selection protocol in which each unit has a known probability of being
selected. The chances of selection need not be equal for each unit, as
long as the chances are known for each unit.
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RAR
, dependent upon context, is Resource
Allocation Request, Revenue Agent Report (US IRS), Remedial Action Report,
Report of Actual Reimbursements or Refill Authorization Request.
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RATE BASE
is the value of a regulated
public utility and its operations as defined by its regulators and on
which the company is allowed to earn a particular rate of return.
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RCLD
see REPRODUCTION COST LESS DEPRECIATION.
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REACH
, in advertising, is the total number of
people within a target market that will be reached through an advertising
campaign.
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REAL
, dependent upon usage, means either
1. in economics, refers to measures such as cost, price and income, which
are corrected for inflation over time in order to permit a comparison
of actual purchasing power; or, 2. actual cost, as opposed to nominal.
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REAL ACCOUNTS
, also called permanent
accounts, are the accounts; asset, liability, reserve
and capital; whose balances are not canceled out at the end of an accounting
period, but are carried over to the next period. These accounts appear
on the post-closing trial balance and the statement of condition (balance
sheet).
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REAL ESTATE
see REAL PROPERTY.
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REAL PROPERTY
is land and / or any
permanent structures attached to it; to include saleable natural resources,
e.g., vacant land, buildings, farms, oil, gas, timber, etc.
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REALIZABLE VALUE
is the expected proceeds
from converting assets into cash.
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REALIZATION
is the amount of money received from the sale of assets.
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REALIZATION PRINCIPLE
is that revenue
should be recognized at the time goods is sold and services are rendered.
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REALIZED GAIN/LOSS
, in securities,
is a capital gain or loss on securities held in a portfolio that has
become actual by the sale or other type of surrender of one or many securities. See
also
CAPITAL GAIN.
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REALIZED INCOME
see REALIZED NET INCOME.
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REALIZED NET INCOME
, in relation to
a particular investment, is the amount by which the total cash gains from
an investment exceeds the total losses from the investment. The Realized
Net Income from any investment cannot be less than zero.
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REASONABLE CERTAINTY
is the degree
of certainty that would be found to be in existence by a reasonable person.
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REASONABLE PERSON
is a phrase to denote
a hypothetical person who exercises qualities of attention, knowledge,
intelligence, and judgment that society requires of its members for the
protection of their interest and the interest of others.
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REASONABLENESS TEST
is where the expected
value is determined by reference to data partly or wholly independent
of the accounting information system, and for that reason, evidence obtained
through the application of such a test may be more reliable than evidence
gathered using other analytical procedures.
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REBATE
is a. payment to a customer
upon completion of a purchase as an inducement or sales promotion tactic;
b. unearned interest refunded to borrower if the loan is paid off prior
to maturity; c. amount paid back or credit allowed because of an over-collection
or the return of an object sold (i.e., a refund).
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RECAPITALIZATION
: It is dependent upon how you
use the term. The term recapitalization in itself is, dependent upon the
scenario, simply an adjustment of the relationships between the debt and
equity that funds a firms assets. However, it can become quite complex
dependent upon under what conditions or reasons the firm is being recapitalized.
This is specially true if recapitalization is being pursued to ward off
a hostile takeover.
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RECAST EARNINGS
is a recalculation
of earnings based on the assumption that certain expenses could be eliminated
through new forms of cost savings. Recast earnings are often used in the
analysis of a takeover or merger.
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RECEIPT
is a written acknowledgment
that a specified article, sum of money, or shipment of merchandise has
been received.
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RECEIPTS
this term, unless otherwise
qualified, in accounting means cash received.
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RECEIVABLE
is an amount awaiting receipt
of payment.
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RECEIVABLES TURNOVER
see ACCOUNTS
RECEIVABLE TURNOVER.
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RECEIVER
is a court appointed person
who takes possession of, but not title to, the assets and affairs of a
business or estate that is in a form of bankruptcy called RECEIVERSHIP.
The receiver collects rents and other income and generally manages the
affairs of the entity until a disposition is made by the court.
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RECEIVERSHIP
is equitable remedy whereby
a court orders property placed under the control of a RECEIVER so that
it may be preserved for the benefit of affected parties. A failing company
may be placed in receivership in an action brought by its creditors. The
business is often continued but is subject to the receiver's control.
See also BANKRUPTCY.
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