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SI&A
is Structure Inventory and
Appraisal or Site Installation and Activation.
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SIC (STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION)
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SIDE POCKET INVESTMENTS
enable a fund
manager to invest in securities that are or become illiquid by allowing
the fund manager to classify the securities as a “designated” or “special” investment
i.e., held in a side pocket. Designated investments are valued separately
from the general portfolio of the fund. Once designated, distinct valuation,
allocation, withdrawal and distribution provisions are applied to such
designated investments without affecting the general portfolio of the
fund (and its applicable terms). Side pocket provisions typically permit
a fund manager to designate any investment as a designated investment,
creating a side pocket, if the fund manager determines it to be in the
best interests of the fund and its investors. Generally, only investors
that are investors at the time the side pocket is created are allocated
a participating interest in such investments. Accordingly, investors
that become investors after a side pocket is created will have no interest
in such designated investment.
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SIGHT DRAFT
is a draft which is payable
on demand.
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SIGN-OFF
is approval or agreement,
e.g. to sign-off on a purchase contract.
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SIGNATURE LOAN
is a loan secured by the borrower
with nothing more than the signature of that borrower.
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SIGNIFICANCE
is a meaning that is
not expressly stated but can be inferred, e.g. the significance of an
increase in product demand can only be known after the financial effects
are calculated.
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SIGNIFICANT DEFICIENCY
, in finance,
is an internal control shortcoming in a highly important control area
or an aggregation of such deficiencies that could result in a misstatement
of the financial statements that is more than inconsequential.
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SILENT PARTNERSHIP
is the relation
of partnership sustained by a person who furnishes capital only, i.e.,
the partner is not involved in the day-to-day operations or decisions
of the entity.
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SIMPLE JOURNAL ENTRY
is a journal entry
that involves only one debit and one credit in the transaction.
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SINGLE-ENTRY BOOKKEEPING
is a simple
bookkeeping system in which all transactions are recorded in a single
record (e.g., a checkbook that indicates expenditures only). Single-entry
does not rely upon equal debits and credits.
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SINKING FUND
is a sum set apart periodically
from the income of a government or a business and allowed to accumulate
in order ultimately to pay off a debt. A preferred investment for a sinking
fund is the purchase of the government's or firm's bonds that are to be
paid off. Usually the fund is administered by a trustee.
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SISTER COMPANY
is similar to the way in which a family
is structured, two or more sister companies (sibling) share the same
Parent Company or individual owner. Like a Subsidiary, it is a separately
incorporated business.
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SKIP PERSON
is a transfer of property
to a person who is in a generation below a child of the transferor, referred
to as a "skip" person, typically a grandchild or great grandchild.
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SLA
see Service Level Agreement.
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SLIDE ERROR
is the incorrect placement
of the decimal point, e.g. $2545.00 is recorded as $25.45.
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SLIPPAGE
is the difference between
estimated transactions costs and actual transactions costs. The difference
usually represents revisions to price difference or spread and commission
costs.
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SLIT
is Serial-Lot Item Tracking.
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SLR
see STATUTORY LIQUIDITY RATIO
and see below.
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SMA
see SPECIAL MEMORANDUM ACCOUNT.
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SMOOTHING
is a widely used technique in forecasting
trends, seasonality and level change, e.g. averaging month-to-month fluctuations.
Works well with data that has a lot of randomness.
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SOCIAL CAPITAL
is networks, together with shared norms,
values and understandings which facilitate cooperation within or among
those groups for mutual benefit.
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SOCIAL COST
is the cost to society
as a whole from an event, action, or policy change. Includes negative
externalities and does not count costs that are transfers to others,
in contrast to private cost.
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SOCIAL ENTITY
is the separate existence
of an organization that is perceived to exist, by its members and the
public at large, as a 'given', i.e. something that exists before and outside
of them.
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SOES (Small Order Execution System)
trading is an electronic method of day trading the NASD market. At present,
SOES trading is at the center of controversy between the NASD, SEC, individual
traders, and the courts. SOES is changing the way trading is done on the
NASD, and it may rewrite the rules of the game for trading. Bandits is
just a term being used for the individuals using the SOES system for day
trading.
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SOFT ASSETS
are human resources (people,
skills and knowledge) and intangible assets (information, brands, and
reputation). Soft assets are hard to value and are not usually reflected
in the books of account, nor are they typically subjected to periodic
inventory. See also HARD ASSETS.
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SOFT CLOSE
, in accounting, is when
journal entries may be allowed to periods previously considered closed
with the confidence that you can create corrected financial statements
and that balances brought forward are corrected; in securities, is when
a fund will no longer accept new investors into the fund, however existing
shareholders can continue to contribute.
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SOFT CREDIT
see ASSOCIATED CREDIT.
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SOFT LOANS
are loans that are given at low rates of interest, with liberal repayment terms.
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SOLD LEDGER
see LEDGER.
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