Can liens be placed on a beneficiary?

absolutely, and a lien can be placed on any surviving relatives of a desceased person. BUT a lien cannot be put on anyone else, unless the collector has included the benificiary in the initial loan agreement. So, NO LIEN if they are not on the original note. If the person who collects the lein is trying to collect on someone other than the person who owes, there must be a reason.

The best way to avoid this is to have the beneficiary be a real person and not an estate.

A lien can and ususally is placed on the estate of a deceased person.

But if the money is left to a beneficiary, that beneficiary has no fiduciary duty to pay off the decedent's obligations from the life insurance proceeds.

A lien can be placed on the estate, but not on the beneficiary. For example, if you inherit a house that has a tax lien on it, you can lose the house, but they cannot come after your personal property.

assuming your question is, if Aunt Martha owes the IRS $5, when she dies, Cousin Fred is the beneficiary of her policy, can the IRS demand Cousin Fred pay the $5 out of the proceeds? NO.

BUT. If her ESTATE is the beneficiary, and cousin Fred inheirits the estate, then YES. All debts must be paid before any estate can be passed along to someone else.

technically, all liens are against property, not persons. in the strict legal sense, while a lien names a person in order to identify the assets, the lien itself that is levied against a person is technically against the individuals' assets, which can mean: personal property, registered property (vehicles: cars, boats, airplanes), real property, business ownership interests, future income, bank accounts, etc...
as such, assuming the "beneficiary" is a definable artificial entity (corporation, LLC, LP, LLP, etc...) or natural person (individual, trust, etc...), then a lien can be placed against the property assets thereof the named entity.
there are many types of "beneficiaries": those on loans, those on trusts, those on last wills and testaments, those on insurance policies, those named on stock cerrtificates, etc...
the question of who is creating the lien arises. the party claiming the lien should be careful as to ensure that the lien is a valid mechanism for asserting his claim, otherwise criminal fraud may be constituted by such actions
finally, where the lien is filed is of importance. is the lien recorded in public records at the county clerk-recorders' office? is the lien being served by process server and / or by registered postal service? is the claimant liening vehicular property (cars, boats, airplanes, trailers, etc...) of this "beneficiary" at the state department of motor vehicles? if so, specific forms may be required for each. other government registries exist that provide for such mechanisms.
finally, i am assuming that the type of lien that you're interested in is an involuntary lien, wherein this "beneficiary" is not a willing party thereto. this would be contrasted with a voluntary lien like a promissary note, whereupon this "beneficiary" would agree voluntarily to pay you back money due (like with a loan or property damage out-of-court settlement agreement).

on the estate perhaps

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